The Buk-M3 is a Russian SAM system, developed to replace the previous 2K12 Kub SAM family. After experience with the Kub in combat, it was decided that each TEL would have its own fire control radar instead of relying on a single central radar for the entire system. The Buk was interoperable with the Kub, which facilitated its integration. The Buk-M1 was adopted in 1983 as a modernized version of the initial Buk-1, with improved ECM resistance, modernized radar, and increased kill probability. In 1998, the Buk-M2 entered service, equipped with the new 9M317 missile, which increased its range and improved its kinematic performance.
